Kayla's Literature Review Summary

Lack of physical activity is linked to obesity, cigarette smoking, and effects in cholesterol levels. Habits in physical activity when a person is young may continue into adult life. The normal behavior of most children is that they are more physically active than adults. Even with this being said there has been a great reduction in physical activity among adolescence. This may be due to the lack of safe and secure areas for children to play or the lack of importance on physical and nutritional education. Engaging in regular physical activity may help to control body weight, develop a healthy cardiovascular system, and improve psychological well-being

The literature review I have posted is meant to compare the interventions used to describe instances of physical activity within middle and high schools. The chosen model for the demonstration was the Theory of Planned Behavior.

Through the use of the Theory of Planned Behavior model the prediction of behavior on physical activity was well represented within each article.

Articles used:
"Determinants of Physical Activity in an Inclusive Setting."
Findings show that there were positive attitudes in performing the physical activity (track and field) and that intentions to be physically active were strong as well.

"Social Influences and the Theory of Planned Behavior: Evidence for a Direct Relationship Between Prototypes and Young People's Exercise Behavior."
The findings suggested that adolescents’ behavior toward exercise is motivated through the gain of approval or disapproval of friends and also their friends showing them what is a typical or normal thing to do as far as exercise.

"Determinants of Physical Activity in Middle School Children."
There was no distinction between the two, both predicted significance in norms and attitudes toward physical activity just no signficance in percieved behavioral control to intention to perform a physical activity was found within the Theory of Reasoned Action. The data presented in the study did not support or reject the hypothesis due to perceived behavior controls similarity in self efficacy. Self efficacy has proven to be of importance in influencing physically active behaviors in children.

"Physical Activity Behaviors and Emotional Self Efficacy: Is There a Relationship for Adolescents?"
A significant relationship was found between not participating in sports teams in the past 12 months and midrange scores for the ESE scale. As well as a significant relationship between those not meeting the requirements for moderate physical activity and midrange ESE scale. For all particpants signicant relationships were found between low self efficacy and the connection to not meeting the recommendations for vigorous physcial activity in strenghthening and toning or participation in sport teams. This study suggests that a substantial number of public high school students are reporting to have low or only modest Emotional Self Efficacy

"Extending the Theory of Planned Behavior: The Role of Self and Social Influences in Predicting Adolescent Regular Moderate-to-Vigourous Physical Activity."
The results for the study showed support for the Theory of Planned Behavior in predicting the attitudes, norms, and perceived behavioral control and the intentions to engage in physical activity. The two hypotheses confirmed that if adolescents have positive attitudes, confidence, and stronger intentions towards performing physical activity, they will have a better chance in performing physical activity on a regular basis.

All articles presented a direct review of the Attitudes, Subjective Norms, intention, and perceived behavior control in predicting behavior towards physical activity.